Your fridge is basically a machine that pumps heat out of its insides. The things in your fridge bleed their heat to the air in the fridge, the fridge cools the air in itself by transferring its heat to the outside.
It does this by basically taking advantage of the evaporation and condensation of a fluid. If you want to learn more about that, [how stuff works](https://home.howstuffworks.com/refrigerator.htm) describes it better than I would.
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