The ancient Egyptians were a clever folk, capable of all the things we expect from a civilization including the ability to write things down. This written record included such mainstays of civilization as orders and delivery receipts of goods, including construction materials for building the pyramids.
Most relevant to your question would be the records of payment to the craftsmen working on the pyramids. An integral feature of slavery is that slaves don’t get paid, so records of their wages soundly disproves that idea.
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