Two keys. Redundancy and stem cells, if you cut a worm in half and it has enough copies of the key organs on each half, and enough energy stored on the butt half to fast until it develops a new mouth, both can survive and regenerate into a full worm.
Not all species can do this, and the circumstances have to be right for the process to happen. In a lot of cases, attempts to do this will only leave you with two halves of a dead worm, as it is a last ditch attempt and a risky, and energy expensive gamble for a worm to try to save its life like that.
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