Chlorine in pools is at such a low level that it kills bacteria, but isnt harmful for humans. Many pools when theyve just added chlorine wont allow swimmers in precisely because at that moment it can be harmful and they wait for the water to mix it around properly. If they get this mix wrong (which has happened) it is in fact harmful to humans. Like many things its about getting the balance right.
Chlorine gas isnt used to treat water, its a solid that they mix with the water in pools. Chlorine Gas is harmful to humans because its incredibly reactive. When it touches water it creates an acid. So when it touches your eyes, nose, mouth, throat and lungs its creating an acid (Hypochlorous Acid and Hydrochloric Acid) which then burns away at those areas.
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