Because there are many languages but only one math.
Arabic numbers are just 11 pieces of information. The 10 digits and the fact that being positioned before another digit means “times 10”.
This gives you the ability to express any possible number and the ability to understand every number anyone from any culture has written down.
Compare this with different alphabets. If a German speaker learns the Korean writing system he’ll still only know German. He could transliterate German words into the new system and a Korean speaker could pronounce it but would not understand it. To be able to communicate one still has to learn the others language and vocabulary. Which is extremely messy as pretty much every pair of languages have some fundamental differences.
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