Well, oftentimes more than one person is working on the same thing at once. History has lots of examples of two or more people all coming to similar discoveries around the same time – the Germans and Americans were both developing atomic bombs simultaneously for example – and now that we’re in the age of global communication, where the ability to communicate with people around the world only improves access to the incremental knowledge necessary to come up with these techniques.
There’s also reverse-engineering. If the thing you’re inventing requires a eureka moment, then you can often get that moment by deconstructing what someone else has built, and seeing how they approached the bit you got stuck on.
There’s confirmation bias to take into account here too though. For every example where one person did something and then everyone else also did it shortly after, there’s an example where one person did something and everyone else is still stuck trying to figure out how to do it for ages. Nukes are also a good example here. Most countries aren’t even trying to make them, and those that are (North Korea) have taken a long time to do it.
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