The ice rapidly boils off and turns into steam. Steam takes up a lot more space than ice, so when you heat it up super fast it rapidly expands. You know what the scientific name for a rapid expansion of gas? an explosion. The term steam explosion is actually used to describe this exact type of things and they can be very dangerous depending on how rapidly the ice is allowed to turn into steam.
edit* this is also why you should never put water on an oil fire. The water wont be able to properly douse the oil, and instead will just boil away carrying the oil with it.
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