I think it’s got a lot to do with the efficiency of the compressor fan blades, the size of the engine and the fact that it uses high bypass, meaning that a lot of the thrust is generated by the front fan blowing air out of the rear of the engine. The more efficient compressor system squashes the air more so that it burns the fuel more economically and adds loads more thrust for less fuel per mile. Couple that with better aerodynamics of the airframe, and you have a more efficient aircraft.
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