Not only did they lose the two World Wars, they were directly responsible for the evilest person to ever govern in this part of the world. How did they go from losing WW1, economy collapsing, then losing another World War, to then become one of the world’s biggest economies?
Similar question for Japan, although they “only” lost one.
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The most common answer will probably be the Marshall-Plan but that is actually narrow-sighted and an incomplete answer.
Germany always had a strong academia which made it possible for them to be on the front of a lot of developments and inventions. The US got hold of many German patents after W2 for example that accelerated their own status and development and where not based on their own merits.
The Marshall-Plan definitely helped purely on the financial side which is only a single aspect of the process. Strong educational structures, affordable academia etc are all other aspects that made this development possible.
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