A lot of people have made a lot of interesting points and I just want to add a small tidbit: dogs.
Spanish conquistadores, much like most early modern Europeans at the time, employed dogs in warfare.
While dogs existed in precolumbine society, they were hunting dogs, companion dogs… and not dogs outfitted with spike collars and metal armor trained to attack on order.
Imagine knowing dogs only as golden retrievers and suddenly having a K9 let lose in your home. Spanish Conquistadores used them as part of a “shock and awe” tactic where they would immediately (and with great show of force) demonstrate their superiority using all you’ve already been told as well as aggressive dogs.
They would then use this intimidation to establish a sort of diplomacy to form alliances, trade, get information…
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