How did Hernán Cortés and his conquistador’s, who were in now Mexico, have enough ammunition to fight the natives while staying for years 1519–1521
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There are a lot of reasons the conquest of the Aztecs went the way it did but since this is ELI5 I will oversimplify all of it in a few bullet points.
1. The Aztecs had a lot more enemies than just the Spaniards. The Aztecs themselves had conquered many tribes and these tribes were itching for a chance to rebel. This was used against the Aztecs so the vast majority of the conquering army was not even Spanish.
2. Guns, armor, and horses were very intimidating to the natives at the time. They did not have large animals that could be ridden and certainly didn’t have any history with explosions or metal armor. Try to imagine a man clad in impenetrable clothes galloping at you on top of what looks like a giant monster firing loud weapons of fire that could take your arm off. It’s scary. Many large armies could be chased off just with a couple volleys.
3. They weren’t always fighting or even fighting at first. The Spaniards spent a good while engaging in diplomacy before fighting broke out.
4. They were sporadically resupplied.
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