At first, they didn’t. They just collected the stuff because they thought bees were assholes and they wanted to mess with them.
Plus the wax was soft and could be sculpted into big booby dolls that were so common at the time.
Then the bronze age came about. People at the time were looking to make everything they could out of bronze. It was weird. So one day, someone figured out that since wax melted, they could make a sculpture, cast it in what passed as mortar at the time and melt the wax out and use the mold they created to cast bronze.
The lost wax method of casting as it became known, was very popular. Then one day, disaster hit. And entire stockpile of wax was caught on fire because of lax safety rules regarding wax. The resulting conflagration resulted in the development of candles which were used as light so people could stay awake longer and work more hours.
This eventually lead to the Chinese using wax to make rocket motors and some pretty cool fireworks.
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