Generally speaking, when speeches were conducted the place was chosen to also amplify the speaker’s voice. Often, the place was built to bounce sound waves about.
It also helped that people were generally bound by a strong moral code, though we may not agree with the code now because the code allowed for horrible atrocities to be committed, and diverting from that code was very much frowned upon. So, if a person would talk too much, they were removed or be socially ostracized, so most people would be quiet.
Nobody has mentioned the significance of the crowd itself. The larger the group, the less each word matters.
If ten thousand people show up, that means:
1. They already know pretty much what to expect.
2. The speaker is very good, so they will use not just volume, but enunciation, rhythm and body language
Think of the performance like a concert. You do not need to hear every word to get the message.
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