How did medieval rulers communicate to their entire population effectively?

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Maybe a weird/stupid question. Today we have mass media, and any new law/political scandal that happens reaches almost everyone instantly. Previously, radio broadcasts. Before telecommunications, information could go around presumably by letters, word of mouth, etc. Before even any of that, how would entire populations in, for example, the 11th century find out about new laws that were passed in their country, or if their country was going to war, and was it ever possible to communicate this fairly quickly (that is, within a week or two?)

In: 1822

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Anonymous 0 Comments

Words would go down the food chain all the way down to local lords. There might be heralds in bigger cities. Word of mouth also contributed a lot: travellers, merchants, minstrels all played an essential part in getting news around.

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