As far as I know, the first oil rigs were in USA, but by the end of the last century the whole petroleum industry shifted to the Middle East. What caused this transformation to suddenly happen?
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Imagine the Earth as a giant puzzle with many pieces. In some parts of the puzzle, there are special rocks called sedimentary rocks. These rocks are like treasure chests because they hold something valuable: oil and gas.
Now, in the Middle East, there are lots of these sedimentary rocks. Millions of years ago, when dinosaurs roamed the Earth, there were also many plants and tiny sea creatures living there. When these plants and sea creatures died, they sank to the bottom of the ancient seas and got buried under layers of sand and mud.
As time passed, the layers of sand and mud squeezed the dead plants and sea creatures very tightly. The heat from the Earth’s insides and the pressure from the heavy layers turned them into something special called oil and gas. It’s like when you squeeze a sponge, and water comes out. In this case, instead of water, it turned into oil and gas.
The Middle East is lucky because it has lots of these special rocks and the right conditions to make a lot of oil and gas. When people started exploring and drilling into the ground, they discovered these hidden treasures and it made the Middle East very famous for having so much oil.
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