As far as I know, the first oil rigs were in USA, but by the end of the last century the whole petroleum industry shifted to the Middle East. What caused this transformation to suddenly happen?
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It isn’t really the case that all the oil production in the world shifted to the middle east. If you look at a table of oil production by country, the US, Russia, Canada, China and Brazil are all up there with the middle eastern countries.
Petroleum is formed primarily from the remains of ancient ocean organisms. So those areas that now have abundant oil were once ancient shallow seas with abundant life – although it has shifted around due to plate tectonics over millions of years.
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