It does seem odd that something only 10 miles wide could totally mess up our planet and kill it’s dominant animal life forms, but bear in mind that it’s coming in at a very rapid speed relative to the Earth (12 miles per second), so when it plows in to the Earth it releases huge amounts of energy.
It was like 4 1/2 billion Hiroshima bombs going off at once. 25 trillion tons of rock was blasted into the atmosphere, much of it re-entering as burning meteors. The majority of the world’s forests burned.
The immense amounts of dust and sulfur released by the impact hung in the atmosphere for years, blocking out the sun, preventing plants from growing and starving/freezing out the surviving dinosaurs.
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