If I look into the sky and I see two yellow dots it’s all stars for me. Then I hear one of them is mars and I’m like „ok, still looks the same“. How did the people hundred of years ago discover what’s a close planet and what’s a far away star?
Because planets move. That’s literally what “planet” means: “wanderer.” If you sat and watched, you’d noticed that some of those dots move perceptibly across the sky while others remain fixed.
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