These answer are wrong, it doesn’t use potentiometers, it uses optical encoding disks to determine its position.
As the stick moves it rotates a disk that has gaps in, as the gaps and solid wheel pass a light sensor, it knows that the stick has moved a tiny amount.
[Here](https://www.reddit.com/r/EngineeringPorn/comments/9htfei/n64_analog_stick/) is a great animation that shows how it translates the tiny movement to big rotation of the wheels.
Latest Answers