I didn’t even know this was a thing.
If you couldn’t turn them off I’d assume it was just a part of the video. If you could turn them off/on there would have to be an encoded signal that the vcr could understand and selectively put that “layer” over the program material.
Hopefully someone else can do better than me.
Closed captions are very simple digital data encoded in line 21 of the video. Line 21 is not displayed on normal tvs. However if you have an old VCR and TV you can adjust the vertical hold until the picture rolls and then you can see the caption data appearing as lines and dashes in the black area above the picture as it rolls.
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