How did the whole world accept one calendar and time standard?
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Catholic Europe accepted the Julian and later Gregorian calendars because of papal authority. The pope was more than just the guy in the fancy hat, he was the literal Earthly embodiment of the Church, and his word was sacrosanct, so listening to him say “use this calendar” was natural. Protestant and Orthodox Europe accepted the Gregorian calendar because it was more accurate than the Julian calendar. The rest of the world accepted the Gregorian calendar because Europe was either able to conquer them (and impose the calendar by force) or were economically dominated by the Europeans, meaning they just had to use their timekeeping to do business.
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