There are various dating methods which are checked against each other. The easiest way to date something is to literally look at the date on it. Some things just tell you when it was made. If we know that some Roman emperor only ruled from 214-227CE, and we know coins made in Rome had the current emperor on them, and we find a coin with that emperor’s name and face, we can reasonably assume that the coin is from 214-227CE. We can also check this against other artifacts found with or around it. For instance, of we found the coins in a big pile of coins which only has coins from before 250CE, then it seems pretty reasonable to assume the coins aren’t from a later date. Maybe there is also a chunk of wood or the bones of something, we can use radio-isotope dating to confirm the date. We can also figure out the relative ages of things by noting where they are buried, since things nearer the surface are younger than those further down.
Regardless, I wouldn’t get too worked up if she refuses to learn. If she wishes to remain in ignorance and look like a fool, that’s up to her.
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