A mountain or anything for that matter could be thousands of kilometres in land. How do they do it?
In: Engineering
You could also calculate altitude using a barometer. This process was invented in ~1775, and you use an equation to convert your barometers reading to altitude. Generally these calcs were printed in books so you did a quick cross reference to get your answer.
This is the basis of the pressure alitimeter that is used in aircraft and by sky divers to this day.
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