They didn’t, nobody can translate from one language into another without first learning both.
Some caveats to this exist, where some languages are derivative of each other and similar words exist in separate languages that still mean the same thing then perhaps communication on a more general level may be possible.
But generally speaking pointing and expression are almost universal and traders were always the first multilingual people in any culture because understanding your buyers needs makes selling stuff to them easier! Capitalism wins every time.
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