By name, it’s like typhoon A gets called Tramadol, typhoon B gets called Kitty, etc.
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There are three possible origins – one from Persian/Hindi, second from Greek and a third from Chinese.
The Hindi/Persian term for a storm is Tūfān, which eventually became Typhoon in English.
The Greek origin is attributed to Typhon, a serpent giant, and in several myths was the wind god. The Greek word Tuphon meant whirlwind.
It is possible these two origins are linked.
An unlinked third origin is Chinese, where a strong wind is called fong-tai. This was later reversed as tai-fong as per Mandarin word order, and was picked by foreign sailors as taifoon.
Often the national whether service of a country will simply auction off the right to name whether systems as a way to earn money.
There’s usually some rules, whether systems generally alternate between male and female names
Typhoons are just hurricanes that happen in the northwestern Pacific. Cyclones are hurricanes that occur in the southern hemisphere. With hurricanes, the NOAA publishes a list of named storms every year (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml). The names change every year.
Typhoons are given names by Japan and Philippines. They cycle through a fixed list of names.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_naming#International_names
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