I can help answer part two of your question as I recently studied it in my Japanese class… In Japanese, there is not ‘uhn-uh’ and ‘uh-huh’, it is ‘u-uhn’ and ‘un’, respectively. The ‘no’ sound is an extended ‘u’ with an inflection twisting sound similar to how American English might make an ‘I don’t know’ sound, ending with an ‘n’ sound. All in all, not too dissimilar. However the ‘yes’ sound is only the single note ‘un’.
This has no backing and is a personal theory. It’s about the feeling behind the sound. Excited sound sounds higher pitch. The huh part of the uh huh goes up in pitch where uh uh sounds lower and slower and less willing to do so.
Think on body language. You don’t wanna do something, low toned groan with physical drooping.
Excited and ready, higher pitch squee or yay with physical alertness.
Hold something in your mouth, or with your mouth closed, and say “yes sir” and “no sir”. The origins are in slavery and subjugation, and then mockery of that sound, and eventual acceptance as a response with genuine utility with a forgotten origin. It basically originated as [affirmative noise] sir and [negative noise] sir.
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