It happened because the EU made it happen. Go back 15 years, and every phone had a different charger. If you got a new phone, all your old chargers would become obsolete and end up in drawers or landfills. The EU first pushed for all phone makers to adopt micro USB. The plan was voluntary. The EU didn’t mandate it. Most manufacturers went along. Some (mainly apple) did not.
Later USB-C came along and the EU encouraged that. Everyone but apple went along.
Finally in 2022, the EU passed a law making USB-C mandatory. The law takes effect this year.
https://www.macrumors.com/guide/eu-charging-standard-proposals-and-apple/
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