There used to be master rulers, and master weights and various other objects off of which basic units of measurement were derrived and other instruments were calibrated from. But that was very unreliable. Most of these were made of metal. Their size could change from the temperature or from decay as the metal slowly rusted over the years. So scientists have embarked on the task of defining all major units of measurements through universal constants. For some this was easy and has been done, but some units still remain.
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