Same way people ace a test or a musician learns a song. Although some people have memory aids that they use, most folks use the rote method (repeat it, test it/verify you got it right, fix the minor mistakes, repeat, until there are no mistakes).
Some people are better are memorizing things for short periods than others, but pretty well everyone can improve short-term memory with practice. Memory retention is an aspect of “intelligence” but hardly the only thing that matters (we are not all born with the same identical memory retention potential but it isn’t unchangeable either).
It is really much like any skill that you can improve a lot by simply doing it a lot (practice it and you will get better). You can train yourself to do better. Some folks just need more training than others, is all.
Long-term memory is a bit different. You can burn short-term memories (hours to days) into long-term memories (potentially your entire life) if you keep using them for weeks, or more.
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