I can answer this very simply. Your eyes work by seeing things with visible light. This light comes from the sun and bounces off objects to your eyes. radar and other options are the same but instead of the sun being the source we make a device put out light rays we can’t see and time their return. That’s radar, and the plane can see it with ‘eyes’ on their body. Suddenly they have a floodlight on them and they can see they are illuminated by something unnatural, alert up.
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