They take an input and give out an output bugger but the same shape.
This can be done in a million different ways for sound, electricity, a million different types of mediums. Im going to assume you meant an electric signal amplifier, as that’s most commonly referred to as just an “amplifier”
Generally there’s a separate higher power source, and theres a transistor.
The signal itself isn’t getting bigger, it’s used as a control to tell the transistor how much of the higher power source to let through at a time.
Think of how the gas on your car works. You’re doing relatively small movements of your foot on a pedal. There aren’t gears directly turning your foot into motion, instead there’s a high power source (a tank of gas) and your foot is just controlling a gate saying how much gas to let in at once. But because the power generated depends on how much gas is let through, the graph of your engines power output will look like the graph of the motion of your foot, just on a way bigger scale
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