I can understand them all walking in a line to and from food sources and their nests…but the specialized roles of “guards” and “warriors” which involve more strategic patterns blows my mind.
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Different roles use different pheromones, let’s assume you have gatherer, soldier, and caretaker ants.
You have a caretaker ant running around smelling other ants around him and said ant notices “hey there aren’t a lot of soldier ants around, maybe I should help them” then drops the caretaker tasks and starts the soldier job producing soldier pheromones.
Same goes for all the jobs, if there is not enough of those pheromones around, or ants with that pheromone, they will switch jobs.
There is a really good kurzgesagt video about it, definitely worth to watch.
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