An airlift pump fills a tube with bubbles. The bubbles make the water lighter than the water outside the tube that doesn’t have bubbles so the pressure pushes the water up the tube. (it’s way more complicated and very not ELI5 if you’re an engineer and need an exact flow.)
They are very good for short lifts and not bothered by crud in the water either abrasives or live.
they do NOT add enough oxygen to matter with the tiny bubbles. They do stir the water so the large area of water at the surface gets more oxygen deprived water for exchange.
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