Aquarium water pumps usually don’t just pump water, they also use the pumping action to filter and clean it in the process. This includes scrubbing various substances that the plants and animals in the aquarium produce (usually detritus, which is a fancy way of saying excrements and dead plant parts; these would normally be recycled by species specializing in consuming these very things, but your aquarium needn’t have these), but it also includes regulation of the water’s oxygen level. The fish in the water need a certain amount of oxygen to be able to breathe. If there is too little oxygen in it, the fish eventually die from hypoxia. Now, normally, the oxygen would be deposited into the water by plants, but not every aquarium supports enough plantlife to keep the fish alive, and so the pump will also increase the oxygen content of the water to compensate.
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