Digital arithmetic seems straightforward, but how do calculators do calculus? How do calculators find the area between two curves, or calculate the instantaneous rate of change of a function?
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They basically calculate the answer on a very small scale. So say you want the integral of an equation. It will calculate the area under the curve of an extremely small scale using two points very close together to get an approximation. It does this thousands of times to calculate a total. It is done on such a small scale it can be accurate to several decimal points. That is why you might get an answer that is supposed to be a whole number but comes off as .0000001.
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