Simply put: light passes through lens to be focused, light hits something that can detect it.
Film Cameras: The light hits some chemicals that are sensitive to light on a sheet of plastic, the chemicals change when they get hit by light and record an image of the light.
Digital Cameras: There’s a grid electronic sensors that that can get some electric charge when a bit of light hits them, they’re like a bucket and it fills up with charge until it’s completely full and then you have a white pixel.
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