There’s a clear protective layer on the underside of CDs that serves to protect the pits and lands that make up the data on the disc. It doesn’t normally affect reading, because it’s optically clear, but when you scratch the bottom of a CD, you’re putting a scratch in that layer, which causes the laser in the reader to bounce incorrectly.
What a CD resurfacer machine does is eat away at the remainder of the layer, removing material until it’s all one depth again, restoring the ability of the drive to read the disc. Obviously, there’s only so many times you can do that, depending on how deeply you’ve scratched the disc.
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