Other people already point out the Phonetic spellings (express as pinyin for Mainland Mandarin and Bopomofo for Taiwanese Mandarin). However, Another common way, especially in Hong Kong, is [Changjie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cangjie_input_method)
The thing is that people look at the character as a whole; however, once one realized that each character composes of components (radicals), then it mapped to the Qwerty keyboard. Even in terms of learning, you learn each radicals.
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