How do computers “store” memory? Why isnt data lost the power is cut?
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As another user said, non-volatile memory is the general term. Floating-gates (FG) is the term used to describe one of the basic components in non-volatile memory.
If you know anything about circuits and transistors, an FG transistor is designed by raising the gate vertically and with more silicon-oxide material which raises the resistance significantly, allowing a voltage to be stored for long periods of time, in modern computers up to 10 years or longer when the power source is off.
If you don’t know anything about computers, then you should know that a normal RAM memory cell or even the logic parts of an integrated circuit are like *very* leaky valves in a water distribution system. They function great as long as there is lots of water pressure. When water pressure (power) is lost, the water leaks out pretty quickly and they stop working. Non-volatile memory is like well-designed valves with properly-fitted gaskets. Even if you cut off the water source, the valves can hold water for a long time without issue.
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