– How do countries stop people from other countries entering theirs through the mountains, forests or water in the border?
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By actively guarding the border.
Obviously that isn’t perfect, and obviously people get through. But if a country really wants to strictly guard their border, all it’s takes is paying for more border guards and better border infrastructure.
That’s the only way to stop it, to have some sort of guard/law enforcement there to stop and arrest people crossing illegally
They patrol the border. That’s pretty much the main way to ensure that that type of thing doesn’t happen.
What the other comments said you basically just guard them by patrolling and now more commonly with small portable drones as well for harder to travel areas.
Many land borders are actually not very actively guarded because climbing over mountains and ravines isn’t that easy which is why in those areas it’s just barren or wildlife only and barely anyone lives around the border. Areas you see having border guards and customs are easier areas for people to travel which is why there is more security and often fences and walls too to prevent illegal travelling.
Mostly by making it extremely difficult to stay in the country illegally.
They may patrol the border, but even the nk/sk dmz has holes. Everything else is basically theater.
But once you’re in, without a visa you can’t get a legit job or license, or housing, even healthcare. And if you ever get noticed by the police, they deport you. So its not a matter of getting in, it’s wanting/being able to stay.
It’s really hard to just wander through a large forest or mountain. Typically you’d want to follow a trail, but then patrolling a few trails is easy for border guards.
For water travel, there are usually agreed-upon methods for whether or not (and by what methods) foreign boats need to report or register themselves.
For example, Canada [does not require](https://cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/travel-voyage/pb-pp-eng.html) private boat operators to register if they’re just going around in Canadian waters, although they are required to do so if they stop anyplace or make contact with other boats. You have to make a phone call to their border service agency to tell them about your boat and all of the people on it. The US [requires](https://www.cbp.gov/travel/pleasure-boats-private-flyers/pleasure-boat-overview) pleasure boats to call the border patrol agency and show up in person at a port of entry or inspection station. (If the boat operator is in one of the “trusted traveler” programs like NEXUS, they only have to make the phone call to tell them about the boat and the people on it.) For both of those countries, the rules would be different for commercial boats.
While you could probably *initially* get away with landing a boat in many places without reporting, you’re playing the odds that you’re going to be tracked and eventually get in a lot of trouble. The Coast Guard (or equivalent) or border patrol might notice your foreign boat at a marina or harbor and look to see if you had reported yourself properly.
In addition to active guards, in a lot of cases natural will kill people trying to cross. For instance, imagine trying to cross between Spain and France through the mountains in the winter. That’s not an easy journey especially if you’re tyring to minimize being detected by not using roads.
Mountains and jungles tend to be pretty dangerous enough as is and water crossings are typically guarded by a coast guard or other type of patrol boat.
Countries use a variety of methods to prevent people from entering through the mountains, forests, or water along the border. These methods include building physical barriers such as walls or fences, deploying border patrol agents to patrol the area, using surveillance technologies such as cameras and drones to monitor the border, and increasing cooperation with neighboring countries to share intelligence and increase security. Additionally, countries may also use the military to help secure the border and prevent illegal crossing.
In the UK they don’t stop people entering via small boats and have a huge problem with hundreds of thousands of illegal immigrants, costing the UK tax payer £5m a day in hotel accommodation alone.
It is a political mess and no one has a workable solution.
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