So I just learned that not all borders are fenced, very few of them are actually. So how are countries able to monitor thousands of kilometers of unfenced borders to fight off smuggling and illegal immigration ? Especially when it comes to long borders in arid/undeveloped areas, one example that comes to mind are the borders in Siberia.
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Depends on the border.
The US and Canada don’t guard their border at all apart from some checkpoints at the busiest crossings. It’s vast, remote, the two countries have good relations, and there’s little illegal smuggling/immigration pressure.
North Korea and South Korea are still on war footing with eachother seven decades later and their border is fortified with military equipment, minefields, watch towers, and artillery.
Historically border security can vary from “none” to “Maginot Line” depending on the political situation.
The “typical” situation is nothing, and then security increases as needed.
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