there are multiple things they do.
first of all they avoid any area with pirates as much as possible.
then they often have military protection in areas with known pirate activity and lastly they have armed guards and procedures on how to handle these areas.
for example when my parents were on a ship passing near Somalia they had the lower decks outside area completely blocked off and armed guards stationed on there.
they also turned off all exterior lights and closed off the top deck so everyone was inside the ship.
its also only a small area where they had any risk so they simply pass through there quickly so they can get out in less than one night.
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