Usually when you have a smaller speaker, you sacrifice the low end, but earbuds seem to manage to deliver substantial bass nonetheless. I assume the proximity to the eardrum helps, but I don’t fully understand how.
Resonant frequency depends on mass of the driver (as you imply), but it also depends on stiffness. So there are not one but two ways of tailoring the bass. A tiny headphone can reach low frequencies as long as it is loose enough.
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