Not an engineer but… Land surveys would be the first step. Is the location fit for the bridge or tunnel? Tunnels would ideally not be built on a fault line or across a fault line if it is known to be active. As far as bridges- spacers get put in them to accommodate for expansion and shrinking due to temperature changes, that could accommodate some ground movement as well. And bridges generally have some amount of flexibility by design- in seismically active areas this would be an extra consideration.
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