Civil-Structural Engineer here:
Structures are usually made out of materials we know the properties of very well, eg. concrete, steel, wood, aluminum, etc. Most of these materials have a point at which their deformations become permanent even after you take away the load. Picture a paperclip not returning to its original shape bc you bent it too far. This point is often used as a reference point to determine the “capacity” of the structure or material. Depending on the use-case of the structure and material, there will be safety factors, checks, and troubleshooting to make sure you never get close to that point.
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