Example: An exercise bike that can support 250 lb. Does the engineer find a large enough weight that deforms the bike, then take a fraction of that as the amount it can support?
In: Engineering
you figure out from the material properties, and dimensions, and pick a range for what loads it can handle. then you use a safety factor of 2-4x the breaking point.
materials like steel & aluminium have well know strength’s that allow us to estimate how much force it takes to bend, or break a specific piece of material.
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