Example: An exercise bike that can support 250 lb. Does the engineer find a large enough weight that deforms the bike, then take a fraction of that as the amount it can support?
We have a pretty good idea where the weakest designed section is.
Maybe it’s a welded joint or a bolt. You can calculate the maximum force to fail the connection and divide it by 2 or 3 as a factor of safety for your advertised maximum load allowed.
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