Like the title says, how was data transferred via phone lines.
In: Technology
The same way anything else (like voice) is transmitted via phone lines. The phone/fax machine converts the information it receives through the mouthpiece (in the case of a phone) or through the scanner (in the case of a fax machine) into an electronic signal that it transmits over the phone line (which is largely the internet now anyway) through a series of intermediate routers until it arrives at the destination phone or fax machine. At that point, the electrical signal is converted back to voice (by vibrating the ear piece to send out sound waves) or a fax (by printing pixels).
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