Different metals an compounds burn with different colors. They mix the gunpowder with those substances to make it look like that. The shape is achieved by building the rockets with different distribution. Imagine: if you want the rocket to explode as a square you make it so the parts with the color are ordered as a square inside the rocket payload, and timethe burn so that it reaches all of them atnthe samentime. I imagine is much more complex, but that’s the basicsnof it as I understand it.
Fireworks are made of explosives and fuel. The fuel is usually a powder or liquid that burns very quickly. The explosive is a chemical that makes the fuel burn even faster.
When the fireworks are set off, the explosive sets off the fuel. The fuel burns very quickly and produces a lot of gas. The gas expands very quickly and makes a loud noise.
The different colors are made by adding different chemicals to the fuel. The chemicals make the gas glow different colors.
The patterns are made by putting the fireworks into tubes. The tubes are different shapes and sizes. The different shapes make the fireworks go off in different ways.
Pretty interesting stuff
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