Short answer? They don’t. At least not with human intervention. While fish can spread to other areas via means such as birds, etc. there are (or at least were) many bodies of water that did not have fish in them. Crater Lake in Oregon had no fish whatsoever until they were introduced by people starting in 1888. It was regularly restocked until 1941 when they decided there were enough fish to support a continuous population on their own. Even then only 2 of the original 6 species introduced managed to survive to the present. Thats just one example among many where it was people not nature that intervened.
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